Approaches to Substance Abuse Disorder

According to Kanas (1988) family conditions placing individuals at risk for substance abuse disorders can involve forms of childhood trauma such as overprotective parents, maternal neglect or frustration of dependency needs. Further, alcoholic parents can place their children at risk through both role modeling of drinking behavior and through biogenetic mechanisms (Sue, Sue & Sue, 1994).

Also, Knopf (1984) reports that a high incidence of conflict at home can lead to substance abuse disorders. Sometimes but not always, there can be abusive situations in the home such as battering or physical abuse of a child (Sue, Sue & Sue, 1994).

Most educational approaches to substance abuse disorder have focused on warning of the dangers through the media and other informational forums (Kinney & Leaton, 1991). However, these media could be used to also inform as to how family system interaction affects one's substance usage pattern. Danger signals in terms of the home environment could be provided.

As for others in the helping professions, there are a variety of counseling strategies offered to substance users. According to Peterson and Nisenholz (1987), many of these groups focus on family issues and help substance abusers to face unresolved family conflicts. Some groups also include family members; Peterson and Nisenholz repo

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encourage one another through sharing of experiences; it is a process of interpersonal support rather than that of challenge or confrontation (Milby, 1981). The final stage of the group involves discussion of future plans and the possible pressures that group members will face when therapy terminates. How these pressures will be handled is a large part of the end stage of groups (Abadinsky, 1989). In many cases, recommendations are made for members seeking some form of ongoing group interaction such as membership in AA. 4. The process of becoming an alcoholic or addict begins long before the first drink or drug use. Discuss the validity of this approach and the factors that promote addiction or help to resist or reverse the process. What gives at least some validity to the notion that addiction begins long before use of the substance are empirical findings showing that a host of factors reliably predict addiction long before the first drink or drug is taken. In this regard, substance abuse disorders can be fairly reliably predicted by such factors as poor high school socialization, poor adolescent adjustment, parental conflict in the early life, parental role modeling of drug abuse and cultural factors (Knopf, 1984; Sue,
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