Rock and Roll Music in an Economic Context
INTRODUCTION
Pop rock music, commonly re
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Pop rock music, commonly referred to as rock and roll, has developed into a major social phenomenon in most western countries over the past three decades (Stambler, 1989). Rock and roll is a major (and controversial) social force in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom (Grossman, 1988). Critics of the art form contend that music of such shallow and superficial content develops the widest followings in societies with broadbased deteriorating educational performance experiences, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. In each of these societies, millions of persons in the 15to40 year old age group are willing to accept as profound philosophical truths what others describe as the mutterings of semiliterate twits who possessed neither the ambition nor intellect required to successfully complete secondary school. Examples of this type of unquestioning adoration are prevalent, and are glorified by Belz (1979), Dunson (1965), Gillett (1970), and Grossman (1988).Whether one views the sociological impact of rock and roll in positive or negative terms, the phenomenon is easily observed, and, superficially at least, easily measured. To extend the sociological assessment of rock and roll to secondary effects, such as drug abuse, values deterioration, 1 2declining academic standards, increased violence against women, and so forth, on the negative side, or, improved racial understanding, a stronger desire for world peace, a greater e
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cy was redeemable only in gold bars of a minimum prescribed weight. This stipulation meant that only large amounts of currency could be exchanged for gold. In most other countries, ordinary citizens and businesses could not exchange currency for gold.
The system which had taken the place of the gold stan dard in most countries was the gold exchange standard. The gold exchange standard required balance of payments accounts to be settled between countries in gold. This system meant that, in effect, most gold transactions occurred only between central banks.
The onset of the economic depression in 1930 caused both the United States and the United Kingdom to abandon the gold standardthe United Kingdom in 1931, and the United States in 1933. In 1934, however, the US adopted the gold exchange
12standard, and set the gold/dollar exchange rate at one ounce/$35.
The gold exchange standard prevailed in the international monetary system until 1970, with the dollargold relationship of $35 per ounce as its basis. By 1970, the United States was itself experiencing severe balance of payments problems, and its supply of gold was dwindling. Initially, as a means of dampening speculation in gold, the United States adopted a twot
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Some common words found in the essay are:
United Kingdom, World War, Conditionality IMF, Countries OPEC, Reserve System, World Warfixedrate, Trust Fund, Board United, Kravis Lipsey, Monetary Fund, united kingdom, rock roll, pop rock, balance payments, balance trade, rock music, international monetary, british pop rock, gold standard, british pop, roll music, rock roll music, international monetary fund, pop rock music, gross domestic product,
Approximate Word count = 6265
Approximate Pages = 25 (250 words per page)
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