Influences of Hormones in the Body
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Hormones are chemical messengers that influence growth, development, and metabolism, and are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood stream (Applegate, 2000, 205). Each hormone produced by the body is different in its chemical composition, structure, and the action it promotes. Hormones act on other glands and tissues to cause their effects. Almost all hormones are proteins; the sex hormones are steroids; hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids; and thyroid hormone, melatonin, histamine, and the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are derived from amino acids.Hormones act by bringing about changes in cell metabolism, causing the release or inhibition of other hormones, or causing changes in cell function. Protein hormones interact with receptors on cell surfaces; steroid hormones diffuse through the cell membrane and react with receptors inside the cell (Applegate, 2000, 206). The pancrease secretes insulin in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream: insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into the cells, where it used for energy, and when the blood glucose level returns to normal levels, insulin
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Approximate Word count = 788
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page)
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