Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

The most common cause of PID is an infection with organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Nisseria gonorrhea ascending through the vagina and uterus (Clinical). These infections are usually transmitted through sexual intercourse, with chlamydia accounting for about 50 percent of these cases. In a non-genitourinary setting, one in 10 people under age 25 tested positive for chlamydia, the rates being higher in men (13.3 percent) than women (10.1 percent). Infections with other organisms such as streptococci or staphylococci can occur after a miscarriage or an abortion. Mycoplasma and ureaplasma can also cause PID.

Pelvic infection may present at some time after the initial exposure, and is often asymptomatic, allowing the inflammation to go undetected and result in serious consequences (Clinical).

Antibiotics are usually effective in the acute phase of PID from STDs, with Chlamydia responding well to a two-week course of doxycycline, or a three-day course of azithromycin, and gonorrhea responds to metronida

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cteristic 'cogwheel' shape in cross-section (Cheng 12). These patients often showed a tubo-ovarian complex and cul-de-sac fluid. In contrast, sonograms from patients with chronic PID showed thin walls characteristic of distended tubes, and 57 percent showed the 'beads -on-a-string' which represents fibrosed fluid-filled tubes. These two characteristics are diagnostic of chronic PID. The sonographic appearance of a tubo-ovarian complex is distinct from that of a tubo-ovarian abscess. In a tubo-ovarian complex, it is still possible to discern the anatomy of the ovary and the tubes. In a tubo-ovarian abscess, the adnexal anatomy is obliterated. In a study of 30 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with symptoms of PID comparing the effectiveness of ultrasound, MRI and laparoscopy in diagnosing PID, transvaginal ultrasound findings were consistent with a PID diagnosis in 81 percent of the patients confirmed to have PID by laparoscopy (Apgar 1658). It missed three cases (two with abscesses and one diagnosed by ultrasound with endometrioma also had pyosalpinx by laparoscopy), and misdiagnosed two cases as PID, one with endometrioma and one with tubal torsion. MRI confirmed the diagnosis in 95 percent of the cases. For M
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2538
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)

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