Police Use of Deadly Force Kellog a

Kellog and Harrison (1991, p. 12) report of police brutality that:

Since the Rodney King incident, reports and discussion of police brutality have increased dramatically. Reactions to the incident are varied, opinions are heated, viewpoints are polarized. Often discussed are issues of racism, inadequate police training, police frustration at the coddling of offenders, poor leadership in law enforcement, "sociopathic" cops, the dangers of dealing with drug users, victimization of the poor and vulnerable, rage engendered by reckless use of America's deadliest weapon (the automobile), and so on.

Beyond these myriad issues, there is the probability that police brutality has its roots in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), given that police work in combat conditions and subsequently suffer from the effects of the trauma and violence inherent in their work. Matulia (1982, p. 57) indicates that police officers who have lost partners or other fellow officers may develop concerns about loss leading to anxiety about their personal safety. These officers then commit to memory the circumstances surrounding the killing and characteristics of the perpetrator with this usually subconsciously impacting the way in which the affected officer performs his or her duties. As a result, this commitment to memory of these facts can, and often does, produce overreaction to future such confrontations. Kellogg and Harrison (1991, p. 12) note that "

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ng training that involves sensitizing these officers to suspect identification, firearms use, and the legal and ethical aspects of the use of deadly force. Further, there is the recommendation that those officers who have faced potentially or actually violent situations receive in-servicing on the use of firearms or counseling relative to their feelings about having been in such situations. This training focus should decrease their inclination to use deadly force. Regarding weapons, Geller (1982, p. 173) reports that Los Angeles and other cities have modified their weapons, so that the cocking of weapons is precluded. Further, there is increased use of nonlethal weapons, including stun guns, nets, long-reach grappling poles, and projectiles that evidence blunt trauma. Sharf and Binder pp. 24-22) report that, if officers are provided realistic training, the probability of panic, tactical mistakes, etc., will be reduced, given that they will be capable of making finer discriminations regarding situation and tactic assessment and implementation, producing less likely use of deadly force. Race and Shootings Scharf and Binder (1983) report that the vast majority of police shootings occur during duty, although a rising number
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Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)