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Analysis of a speech by James A. Baker

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This paper will analyze a speech by James A. Baker, the United States Secretary of State. The title of the speech is "America and the Collapse of the Soviet Empire: What Has to be Done" and it was delivered at Princeton University on December 12, 1991. The historical context of this speech is the recent decline of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. As a result of this historic change, the Cold War which engaged the United States and the Soviet Union since the end of the Second World War has finally come to an end. As James Baker notes, it is now time for the development of new relationships between the United States and the republics which previously formed the Soviet Union. In addition, it is now time for the establishment of new power relations in the world as a whole. There are many dangers inherent in these changes. However, Baker points out that there are also many opportunities. In particular, Baker emphasizes that the United States is now faced with the opportunity to lead the world toward increased peace and prosperity in the future.

In order to analyze Baker's speech and the effectiveness of its message, it is necessary to first develop a criteria for analysis based on persuasion theory and research. One of the most important elements in persuasive communication is establishing a central theme and sticking to it. According to Humes, the central theme should be repeated periodically throughout the speech (Humes, 1988, p. 31). However, the

. . .
ht blow America up or that Soviet Communism might seep into the country. Baker then moves on by telling his audience about the need that Americans now share in the wake of the Soviet collapse. Now that the Soviet Empire has dissolved, it is vitally important that the United States develop a new relationship with the republics of East Europe. Having established this need, Baker then helps his audience to visualize both the opportunities and the dangers of the situation. On the positive side, he notes that the collapse of the Soviet Empire provides "a situation in which the West can play an important supporting role" (Baker, 1992, p. 163). On the negative side, he warns that failure to take appropriate action might result in America "paying" the way it had to pay "with the collapse of the promising democratic revolution in Petrograd in February 1917" (p. 163). Baker also helps the audience to visualize some of the specific ways in which America will have to pay for its failure to satisfy this important need. Using a triad formulation, Baker claims that failure on this issue will result in: (1) continued proliferation of nuclear arms in East Europe, (2) a lack of democratic values in East Europe, and (3) economic problems
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2426
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)

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