This research describes and assesses the so called mind gyms, in which synchronized sound and light machines supposedly modify brain wave patterns (Hooper, 1989, p. 26). Depending upon the source of the information, this process is said to relieve mental stress, re-energize the creative functioning of the brain, and cure a multitude of ills, or, conversely, either do nothing or create significant adverse outcomes in the form of epileptic seizures and migraine headaches.
The findings of this examination are presented in the context of six topical areas of interest. These areas of interest are (1) the scientific principles upon which the synchronized sound and light machines are said to be based, (2) the characteristics of the machines on the market, (3) the claims made both for and against the machines, (4) the validity of the claims, (5) legal issues involving the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) surrounding the sales and use of the machines, and (6) the demand for and use of the machines.
As the brain functions, it "emits energy waves in four frequency ranges called wave states: beta, which is the normal, alert state; alpha, a slower pace noted when people are relaxed and creative; theta, the level just before people doze off, when intense learning can occur; and delta, which is deep sleep" (Williams, 1990, p. 45). Medical research found that changes in brain states may be induced through the control of audio and visual pulses transmitted to the brain. This same body of research found that "inducing an alpha state could help relax patients and ease chronic pain," and that inducing a theta state "helped people to improve motivation and even stop smoking" (Williams, 1990, p. 45). Other research found that aging "does not necessarily go hand in hand with loss of brain cells . . . Under the right conditions, neurons can regenerate. . . every mental state is the product of a specific pattern of electrical and chemical acti...