Eficacy of Psychoanalysis Introduction Based on Nersessi

Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy Outcomes

The efficacy of psychoanalysis relative to psychoanalysis and psychotherapy is discussed by Wallerstein. Definition, concepts, methods, and practicality are involved in this consideration. Issues of treatment goals and predictions, treatment analyzability (versus suitability), diagnostic evaluation, technique theory and application, treatment similarities and differences, and results evaluation are included.

Typical of early statistical studies, outcome judgments were made by the treating clinician, without specific criteria. Psychoanalysis therapeutic results were reported in 1917; based on personal evaluation of 93 patients, 73 percent were declared recovered or improved. In the 1930's comparable reports from psychoanalytic clinic treatment centers appeared. For example, a report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Central Fact Gathering Data of the American Psychoanalytic Association (1952) included responses to over 3,000 termination questionnaires; it demonstrated numerous methodology flaws. Later attempts to salvage the survey found that most improved substantially. In 1968 a study reported results of psychoanalysis in

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ports basic assumptions of the psychoanalytic method which include: there is a psychological causative unconscious; free associations can lead to discovering these causes; analyst intervention frees up the free association process to facilitate the discovery of underlying unconscious causes; and these causes have a history in the patient's past. Psychoanalytic research seeks to support these principles. The principle of a psychological causative unconscious requires independent evidence; Freud assumed this evidence was available and provided by the phenomenon of posthypnotic suggestion. Others argue that the posthypnotic suggestion is not repression but is a response induced by what is expected. Early hypnotic studies attempted to find out if unconscious causes revealed themselves in consciousness through transformations. These studies were poorly executed and he psychoanalyst inferred from indirect evidence, thus evidence was not found. Next the use of subliminal perception was exploited. Poetzl demonstrated that brief presentations of visual stimuli would appear to emerge in dreams in symbolic transformation. This work made it possible to study the influence of the unconscious on consciousness. Further work by Stros
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