The First Gulf War
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The year 1991 was ushered in for Americans, Iraqis, and many others around the world by the Persian Gulf War, which ended in a decisive military defeat for Saddam Hussein's Iraqi armies occupying Kuwait. The political outcome of the war like its political origins has proven to be more ambiguous. The following pages will examine the background and developments leading to the war, its consequences, and what its true historical significance may be. On the afternoon of January 16, 1991, American television viewers who happened to be tuned to the Cable News Network (CNN) experienced possibly the most extraordinary event in the history of television: they were told and shown by direct live reportage and video from CNN reporters then stationed in Baghdad, that the city was at that moment in the predawn hours of the night, Baghdad time under air attack. Thus, American viewers learned that their country had gone to war. The first air strikes came within hours of the deadline established by the United Nations for Iraqi withdrawal from occupied Kuwait ("Desert Storm," 1991). The war that began that day ended a month later, after only four days of ground combat ("Desert Victory," 1991). It was one of the most extraordinarily onesided wars of modern history. Iraqi casualties have never been reliably determined, but were probably at least one hundred thousand dead. U.S. casualties were fewer than two hundred dead a substantial fraction of them
. . .
as certainly not a red light.
By the end of July, Iraqi forces were concentrating massively on the Kuwaiti border, and on August 2 they struck. The Emir of Kuwait fled at once, and resistance was shortlived and ineffective. In a day, the Iraqis were firmly in control. For the Bush Administration, it was a case of bad news and good news. The bad news was that the Administration had been caught sleeping by a crisis. The good news was that dealing with such crises displayed President Bush at his most effective. (Moreover, the week before the invasion, U.S. public attention had been focused on the savingsandloan scandal, and on the participation of Bush's son Neil therein. The focus swiftly shifted to the Middle East.)
The Administration swiftly organized its response to the crisis. A deployment of U.S. forces to Saudi Arabia was ordered, lest Saddam as seemed quite possible should continue on from Kuwait to make himself the master of the entire Persian Gulf oil supply ("Baghdad's Bully," 1990). At the same time, this military response was matched by a diplomatic offensive in the United Nations.
In this latter arena, the Administration profited immeasurably from world developments of 198
. . .
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Approximate Word count = 2873
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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