Integrated Public Transport System

Industrialization and the agglomeration of population in urban, metropolitan areas over the course of the last several hundred years has created a number of infrastructure issues of enormous significance. Among those issues, geographers such as De Blij and Muller (15) identify the development of adequate integrated public transportation system that are capable of efficiently and economically moving individuals from home to work sites to recreational venues and shopping centers. Whereas countries, regions, and states must grapple with the challenges inherent in creating an efficient road network that is capable of linking core areas to suburbs and to the periphery, or linking production and economic nodes to key distribution points, municipal planners must deal with establishing and maintaining a public transportation system that meets the needs of communities of various sizes.

Driving the development of public transportation facilities and systems are the twin phenomena of urbanization and industrialization (Knox and Marston, 401). Urban systems consist of an interdependent set of urban settlements within a specified region which create urbanism, a way of life, attitude, value, and patterns of behavior fostered by urban settings. As significantly, urbanization results in a concentration of both people and economic activities in a relatively small geographic region, a region that tends to expand over time

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l public transport systems among urban dwellers. Such systems can be above ground, underground (the subways or America and the metros of Europe), or elevated. These systems generally form the "backbone" of metropolitan transport systems. They are rigid and inflexible, unlike bus transportation, but they are generally regarded as more dependable and predictable. In theory, trains are described as the predominant force that drives an integrated public transport system; this holds true, however, only when rail services are adequate to the task of linking increasingly broad spatial divisions to the city core ("Principles of an Integratedà," 2). The two major types of heavy rail or train systems are: Rapid transit: This is generally defined as a service that has schedules at 40km/h (25mi/h) or more, and is designed for journeys longer than 6 to 8km (3.75 to 5 miles). Commuter rail is a form of this, but is more destination-oriented. Local-feeder services: These services are designed for the shorter journeys, and generally travel at 20 - 25km/h. This is also referred to as suburban rail ("Principles of an Integratedà, 3). In some instances, as described by Knox and Marston (508), ITS systems are being employed to create m
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Approximate Word count = 7335
Approximate Pages = 29 (250 words per page)

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