The Kruskal Wallis Test was used in the testing of
hypotheses wherein the data were ordinal in character and where
independent samples of more than two populations were involved
(Summers, Peters, and Armstrong, 1993, p. 540). The Kruskal
Wallis Test is a generalized version of the Mann Whitney U Test
(Emory, 1992, p. 441). Statistical significance for these tests was established at p<.05. The following hypotheses were tested
through the application of the Kruskal Wallis Test:
1. Hypothesis number 2.1 wherein the data for the
dependent variable were the responses to questionnaire item
number 10. These data were at least ordinal in character and
possessed some characteristics of intervel scale measurement.
Six independent samples were involved in this hypothesis.
2. Hypothesis number 3.1 wherein the data for the
dependent variable were the responses to questionnaire item
number 13. These data were at least ordinal in character and
possessed some characteristics of interval scale measurement.
Six independent samples were involved in this hypothesis.
3. Hypothesis number 4.1 wherein the data for the
dependent variable were the responses to questionnaire items
number 18, 19, 23, and 26. The data reflected in the responses
to questionnaire items number 18 and 19 were ordinal in
character, while the data reflected in the responses to
questionnaire items number 23 and 26 were ordinal with origin in
character. Six independent samples were involved in this
4. Hypothesis number 5.1 wherein the data for the
dependent variable were the responses to questionnaire items
number 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, and 29. These data were ordinal
with origin in character. Six independent samples were involved
The Mann Whitney Wilcoxen Rank Sum Test was used in the
testing of hypotheses wherein the data were ordinal in character
and w...