Anorexia nervosa
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Anorexia nervosa is a serious disease caused by excessively reduced food intake, usually in an attempt by young people, particularly girls, to lose weight. It follows a prolonged course with a high morbidity rate due to major medical complications resulting from the severe malnutrition it engenders (Le Grange, 1999). Anorexia nervosa is not a new disease, being reported in the medical literature for the last 300 years (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Getz and Hayes, 2000). The excessive weight loss in anorexia nervosa leads to endocrine malfunction and is usually accompanied by a specific psychopathology in which the patients develop an obsessive fear of fat. Treatment usually involves refeeding during an inpatient stay of from 10 to 14 weeks, and after discharge from the hospital, supportive psychotherapy, nutritional counseling and regular monitoring of weight and physical health. However, the relapse rate is quite high after hospital discharge. Because of the scarcity of research into the efficacy of psychotherapy in helping anorexia nervosa patients, Le Grange (1999) carried out a study of 80 anorexia nervosa patients on the effects of family therapy on these patients because it is thought that a dysfunctional family is often a contributory factor in the development of the disorder. He used patients on individual therapy as controls. This theory has been in vogue since the 1970s. Le Grange used a three part approach, first encouraging refeeding of the patient, perh
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ient treatment.
Unfortunately, the authors give no details of the treatment given to these patients while in the hospital, or whether they received either individual or family counseling during this time. The authors admit that the LEE was given within four days of admission, when patients concern over their admission may have influenced their answers, and that the period of study was far too short. They also admit that the results are inconclusive, but suggest that they point out the necessity of further research to look at sibling relationships on the course of anorexia nervosa.
Eating attitudes, personality and parental bonding were examined in a study by Bulik, Sullivan, Fear and Pickering, (2000), to determine if there was a relationship between these attitudes and recovery from anorexia nervosa. Recovery was divided into three categories: complete recovery (>85 percent of ideal body weight (IBW)) and no bingeing and purging, partial recovery (<85 percent of IBW) and no current eating disorder, and the chronically ill. Patients were tested using the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).
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Approximate Word count = 2342
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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