Anatomy and Physiology
This is an excerpt from the paper...
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the extrapyramidal nervous system which affects mobility and control of the muscular system (Clinical, 2005). The characteristic features are tremor, rigidity, and bradykinetic movements. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are caused by a reduction in dopamine production because of a loss of the cells in the substantia nigra region of the mid-brain (Lieberman, 2003). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which carries nerve impulses across synapses between neurons and stimulating dopamine receptors on the other cell (Dopamine, 2005). It is a monoamine found mostly in the neurons of the substantia nigra, and the loss of dopamine producing cells in Parkinson's disease leads to a loss of control of smooth body movements. At birth, man has roughly 400,000 of these cells and if 60 percent are lost, the Parkinson's disease occurs (Lieberman, 2003). Axons from the substantia nigra carry dopamine up into the striatum region. Dopamine cells receive input from several areas of the brain. A 60 percent loss of cells in the nigra results in 80 percent less dopamine getting into the striatum, with the loss being greater in the putamen than the caudate. As cells in the nigra die out, the remaining cells work harder to try and make up for the loss, and the cells in the stratum become supersensitive to dopamine. When the loss is initially treated with levodopa, the dose required is less than t
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Its empirical formula is C9H11NO4 (SINEMET, 2005).
SINEMET is supplied in tablets of three strengths:
-SINEMET 25-100 containing 25 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa in yellow, oval, uncoated tablets, coded 650 on one side
and SINEMET on the other
-SINEMET 10-100 containing 10 mg of carbidopa and 100mg of levodopa dark dapple-blue oval, uncoated tablets, scored and coded 647 on one side and SINEMET on the other
-SINEMET 25-250 containing 25 mg of carbidopa and 250 mg of levodopa, light dapple blue, oval, uncoated tablets, coded 654 on one side and SINEMET on the other (SINEMET, 2005).
SINEMET is prescribed for the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease,(paralysis agitans), post-encephalitic parkinsonism and symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication or manganese intoxication (Indications, 2005). The use of SINEMET rather than levodopa in these cases permits a smoother titration of dose with a lower dose of levodopa and with less nausea and vomiting, although there is no conclusive evidence to date that this has any beneficial effects. Some patients who respond poorly to levodopa respond well to SINEMET. Patients currently taking levodopa may or
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1326
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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