ABUSE OF THE ELDERLY BY FAMILY CAREGIVERS

ABUSE OF THE ELDERLY BY FAMILY CAREGIVERS: FACTORS IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERPETUATION OF SUCH ABUSE

The problem of elder abuse was investigated. The research focus was on the identification of the factors underlying the problem.

Both the frequency and the severity of physical and emotional abuse were found to be related positively with the level of stress perceived by caregivers, the cognitive status of the elderly person, the physical status of the elderly person, and the substance abuse status of caregivers. Both the frequency and the severity of financial abuse were found to be related positively with the level of financial stress characterizing the caregiver-elderly person relationship.

The findings of this study that caregiver stress and substance abuse by caregivers affect the frequency and severity of physical and emotional abuse, and that financial stress affects the frequency and severity of financial abuse are consistent with current theory. The findings that the frequency and severity of elder abuse are related to both the cognitive and physical status of the elderly person for whom care is provided, however, are consistent with some current theory but also are contrary to some current theory.

Further research was recommended to explore in greater depth the relationship between elder abuse and the physical and mental status of the elderly person for who care is provided in a family environment. Further research also was recommended wit

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en as alert and viable human beings. In this context, many elderly persons have indicated clearly that they no longer want to be burdens, and want to end their lives with dignity and grace while they are still aware and alert human beings (Stevens, 1993). The most effective coping strategy for older adults in combating depression is one that incorporates the development of a sense of personal worth, and the gaining of a sense of control over one's own life (Heikkinen, 1993; Porterfield, 1987). Contrary to the generally held belief, the cantankerous, hard-headed older adult has a far greater chance of surviving to an even older age than does the cooperative and docile older adult. The former retains some control and does not hold on to illusions (Heikkinen, 1993). Stress The phenomenon of stress is defined as "a state of tension, strain, or pressure" (Selye, 1974, p. 312). Stress is a "normal reaction resulting from the interaction between an individual and the environment" (p. 312). Reactions to stress may produce either positive or negative results, depending upon the causes of the stress, other factors present in an environment, and characteristics of affected individuals. The phenomenon of stress is recognized as a m

Category: Psychology - A