Disease and Middle-Aged Women

This research reviews the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases as these diseases affect middle-aged women. A veritable cornucopia of delights for such women, these diseases include osteoarthritis, asthma, venous insufficiency, hypertension, gastritis, and depression, all with a little fat (obesity) stirred into the pot for good measure!

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the cartilage of joints (Swedberg & Stenbauer, 1992, p. 557). The disease is characterized by diverse etiology and obscure pathogenesis. Clinically, the disease is characterized by joint pain, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus, occasional effusion, and variable degrees of local inflammationùall without systemic effects. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by irregularly distributed loss of cartilage (with the greatest loss occurring in areas of increased load, such as the knees), sclerosis of subchondral bone, subchondral cysts, marginal osteophytes, increased metaphyseal blood flow, and variable synovial inflammation. Histologically, the disease is characterized early by fragmentation of the cartilage surface, cloning of chondrocytes, vertical clefts in the cartilage, variable crystal deposition, remodeling, and eventual violation of the tidemark by blood vessels. Osteoarthritis also is characterized by evidence of repair, particularly in osteophytes, and later by total loss of cartilage, scl

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load at the organ level lead to persistence of mechanical dysfunction at the cellular and muscle level (Litwin, Raya, Warner, Litwin, & Goldman, 1991, pp. 26D-34D). For females, both a prolonged standing position and obesity are significant risk factors for the development of chronic venous insufficiency (Carpenter & Priollet, 1994, pp. 197-201). Positional obstruction is another risk factor for the development of venous insufficiency (Gillot, 1992, pp. 265-286). Hypertension Cardiovascular disease is a frequent chronic condition among older persons in the United States (Theis, 1988, p. 105). Hypertension is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. The prognosis of hypertensive patients depends upon the severity of the disease. Therefore, the basis for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertensive patients is of critical importance. Disease severity in hypertensive patients depends upon the interactive effects of blood pressure, degree of secondary organ damage, patient age, and independent risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Nutrition is one such independent risk factor, and sodium intake is especially significant in this context (Theis, 1988, p. 94). Blood pressure levels are influenced by multiple ph
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Swedberg Stenbauer, Mackintosh Schapira, Matt Dean, Brush Epstein, Litwin Goldman, Betz Fitzgerald, Caserta Lund, Weber DiPette, Sherman Drumm, Depression Studies, blood pressure, 1993 pp, 1994 pp, blood flow, swedberg stenbauer 1992, swedberg stenbauer, stenbauer 1992, 1991 pp, disease characterized, venous insufficiency, 1990 pp, blood pressure levels, chapman mackintosh schapira, panza quyyumi brush, campbell chapman mackintosh,
Approximate Word count = 5365
Approximate Pages = 21 (250 words per page)

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