Amoralism

Nietzsche was famous not only as one of the fathers of existentialism but also the advocate of perspectivism, which held that perception and individual interpretation could be more important than facts. Williams, at bottom also felt that ethical theories depend on attitudes and the soundest ethical stance would be to have none. Although Williams' disdain for reductionism sometimes made him appear a moral relativist, he was far from that. He believed, like the Ancient Greeks, that the so-called "thick" moral concepts, like courage and cruelty, were real. Williams was particularly critical of utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory, the simplest version of which argues that moral acts are good only insofar as they promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number, regardless of any issues of personhood or moral agency.

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Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page)