FREUDIAN DREAM THEORY

Biography & General Theory Discussion

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was born in Freiberg, Moravia (now Czechoslovakia). His father was an unsuccessful wool merchant who eventually moved the family to Vienna (Freud was four years old), where Freud remained nearly eighty years. Freud's father was a strict authoritarian and his mother was protective and loving. Freud felt attached and sexually attracted to his mother and feared his father; he later referred to this as the Oedipus complex. Freud was one of eight children; his family encouraged his intellectual ability (Schultz, 1992, pp. 423-424).

Freud was considered a brilliant student. He was interested in civilization, human culture, human relationships, military history, and a scientific approach to knowledge. He decided to study medicine, hoping it would lead to a career in scientific research. He studied at the University of Vienna, first concentrating on biology, then physiology. During medical training, he experimented with cocaine and introduced the drug to himself, his family, and the medical practice; it helped with his depression and chronic indigestion. Freud's work on the benefits of cocaine (including its use for eye surgery) may have contrib

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ates the seeking of safety and security. She stated men are motivated by womb envy (Clemmens, 1984, pp. 242-252; Horney, 1937, pp. 13-29; & Schultz & Schultz, 481-483). Horney differed from classical Freudian psychoanalytic thinking and brought a conceptualization of neurosis that created a new line of development in psychoanalysis. Her criticisms of Freudian theory included biological reductionism, the privileged role of childhood in the genesis of neurosis, and the central role of the oedipus complex. Opposing concepts included the pathogenic role of cultural phenomena rather than instinctual determinism in neurosis, importance of the present life situation instead of just early childhood in the genesis of neurotic trends, a shift from clinical to character neurosis, and differences in the concept of basic anxiety (Clemmens, 1984, pp. 242-252; & Ogara, 1984, pp. 316-318). Freud's dream theory stressed that dreams aim at wish fulfillment, release of sexual tension, and fulfillment of instinctual drives; they offered a road to the unconscious. Jung thought that more constructive and healing forces were found in dreams; dreams represented the inner truth of the dreamer. Horney went beyond Freud's sexual basis and stated t
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Approximate Word count = 5059
Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)