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DIALYSIS

For the past 30 years, hemodialysis (HD) has been administered to patients with end-stage renal failure (1). Hemodialysis has evolved into a safe treatment and has been successful in preventing death in these patients (10). Peritoneal dialysis became popular as a treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after the development of ambulatory forms of the technique. Plastic bags of dialysis solution were introduced to the United States in 1979; this made application of the technique to the general dialysis population more feasible. By the end of 1992, approximately 70,000 people worldwide received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (chronic peritoneal dialysis). Chronic peritoneal dialysis is used less extensively worldwide than chronic hemodialysis (11).

Dialysis is defined as "the process of separating crystalloids and colloids in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane: crystalloids pass through readily, colloids very slowly or not at all" (6:462). Hemodialysis is defined as "the removal of certain elements from the blood by virtue of the difference in the rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, e.g., by means of a hemodialyzer" (6:747). Peritoneal dialysis is hemodialysis through the peritoneum, the dialyzing solution is introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity (6). Interdialytic fluid intake must be removed from the bloodstream flowing through the dialyzer during dialysis; the process of this water removal from the bloodstream is called ultrafiltration (5).

The force for ultrafiltration is the hydraulic pressure difference across the membrane. If a solute is added to a container of water, it will distribute itself at a uniform concentration throughout the water (diffusion). Diffusion includes the random movement of solute molecules driven by the thermal energy of solute and w...

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DIALYSIS. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 06:47, March 29, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1707241.html