PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Schizophrenia & Schizoaffective Disorders

Features of schizophrenia include the presence of characteristic psychotic symptoms during an active phase, with functioning below the highest level previously achieved, and a duration of at least six months which may include characteristic prodromal or residual symptoms. Delusions, hallucination, or certain characteristic disturbances in affect and thought form are always included at some phase of the illness. Symptoms include disturbances in: thought content and form, perception, affect, sense of self, volition, relationship to the external world, and psychomo

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r (PTSD) involves symptoms that follow exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor. The response to the event needs to include intense fear, helplessness, or horror, persistent reexperiencing of the trauma, and persistent symptoms of increased arousal. These symptoms must occur for more than one month with the distress resulting in distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other functioning. Stimuli associated with the trauma are avoided, this may include thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, situations, people or any reminders; amnesia for aspects of the trauma may be present. Emotional numbing or diminished responsiveness to the external world may begin soon after the trauma. Anxiety symptoms not present prior to the trauma may include sleep disturbances, nightmares, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, anger, and difficulty concentrating (DSM-IV, 1994). Associated symptoms include self-destructive and impulsive behavior, dissociative symptoms, somatic complaints, feelings of ineffectiveness, shame, guilt, despair, hopelessness, feeling damaged, a loss of beliefs, hostility, social withdrawal, feeling threatened, impaired relationships, or a change from previous personality characteristics. Physic
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Approximate Word count = 2258
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)

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