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Machiavelli and Charlemagne

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This study will compare two books on the nature of political and military leadership and power, Two Lives of Charlemagne, by Einhard and Notker the Stammerer, and The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli. The authors of the two biographies of Charlemagne focus on an historical personage and explore leadership and power as expressions of his specific life. Machiavelli focuses on the theory of leadership and power as he urges it to be practiced by the ideal prince, but he uses historical examples of past effective and ineffective exercises of power to bolster his arguments. Despite this difference in the two books' focus, the study will argue that the authors take the same essential position with respect to the subject: political and military power can be maintained only by a leader who is willing and able to use whatever means are necessary to bring obedience from one's people and to subdue one's enemies.

Machiavelli provides the theoretical blueprint for such a leader, and Einhard and Notker provide the details of the life and achievements of one specific leader who certainly fulfilled many of the requirements of that blueprint. For example, especially significant in both books is the skill and boldness of the leader in military affairs. As Thorpe writes in his Introduction to the biographies, "From . . . 768 until . . . 810, the reign of Charlemagne was one long and never-ending series of warlike enterprises." This is a manifestation of precisely what Machiavelli says should

. . .
Einhard remains a stiff figure," while Notker's Charlemagne "seems to live before our eyes." Despite these contrasts, both Notker's and Einhard's Charlemagne are examples of leadership which Machiavelli would have heartily approved. Machiavelli himself wrote The Prince in response to the instability of late 15th century Florentine society: "He saw the collapse of the Medici" and "witnessed the strife of the Florentine factions." He "realized for powerful government based on internal unity." His own relatively unsuccessful and ineffective diplomatic career must have intensified his frustration with the leadership of his land. The Prince is a book of recommendations meant to guide leaders to remedy the instability in his own and other lands. His personal and professional experience certainly qualify him to write this book. In delineating different requirements of leadership for different kinds of states, Machiavelli is concerned only with the maintenance of power, rather than with any ethical consideration. His ideas on and recommendations for the political and military leader are rooted in the preeminence of power over all other considerations. Machiavelli, based on the ideas in this book, would have honored Hitler, Franklin
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1419
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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