FIVE-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY & PSYCHOLOGY

This research paper presents the Five Factor Model of Personality and how it relates to general psychology practice. The relationships between the Five Factor Model and personality disorders, other clinical issues, treatment planning, health research, and unresolved issues are discussed.

The five-factor model (FFM) is a hierarchical model regarding the structure of personality traits. Personality traits are defined as enduring dispositions which are different from transient states or moods. Neuroticism and Extraversion are two factors that were associated with Eysenck; Eysenck's competing three-factor model (1975) includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Psychoticism. Tellegen offered a three-factor model (1985) that substituted Constraint for Psychoticism and viewed Neuroticism and Extraversion as Negative Affectivity and Positive Affectivity. Cloninger's three-factor model uses Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, and Reward Dependence. Models containing more than five factors include Guilford, Zimmerman, and Guilford's ten factor model (Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey) and Cattell's model of sixteen personality traits (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire) (Costa & Widiger, 1994, pp. 2-3).

The five-factor model is regarded as a tool that sums up other models and is capable of interpreting the terms of other models. Dimensions other than the Big Five, are viewed as tapp

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ve-aggressive and negativistic disorders involve low agreeableness and low conscientiousness; passive-aggressives may be high in hostility (neuroticism facet). Self-defeating disorder is neurotic and lacks conscientiousness; depressive disorders are similar but lack features of low conscientiousness and agreeableness. Sadistic disorder is similar to the antisocial disorder with more extreme elevations on antagonism (pp. 41-54). In a study by Costa and McCrae (1990), significant correlational relationships between the FFM and personality disorder pathology were reported. Three nonclinical samples included 274 adults completing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Personality Disorder scales (MMPI-PD), 207 adults completing the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-I (MCMI-I), and 62 students completing the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II). Results for the MMPI-PD replicated the findings of Wiggins and Pincus and results of the MCMI-I and MCMI-II replicated those of the MMPI-PD. Thus Costa and McCrae concluded that the FFM is comprehensive and accounts for major dimensions underlying personality disorder scales that have been developed by numerous investigators (Trull, p. 554). The studies by Wigg
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Approximate Word count = 3393
Approximate Pages = 14 (250 words per page)

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