Paul Tillich and Christian Theology
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The purpose of this research is to examine the dialogue between the Christian theology of Paul Tillich and a range of non-Christian religious and philosophical perspectives. The plan of the research will be to place Tillich's theological method and principal conceptions in the perspective of modern thought, and then to show how his correlation theology, which is an elaboration of faith and a philosophical response to the modern world, informs the manner in which he deals with alternative secular and religious systems of thought.To infer a connection between the human condition and spiritual writing, whether in the form of theology or scripture, is simply to note that the latter is the intelligent, sensitive being's way of coping with or otherwise coming to terms with the former. The impulse toward making meaning and significance out of a flood of content and experience is the psychological provenance of written communication in general and spiritual writing in particular. This is true across cultures and ages, and indeed across theistic and atheistic modes of thought. Max Weber's examination of the origins and development of various religious traditions shows that overarching the creative human enterprise, including but not limited to written communication, is the tendency toward making the universe increasingly thinkable. For the theologian, spiritual thinkability is a special categor
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ncounter with the universe. Through the correlative method, Tillich elaborates what could be called a natural theology, though Tillich himself does not accept that term. Nevertheless, to the degree that man's knowledge about (i.e., longing for) God (i.e., unconditionality) comes from general human experience, a concept that points toward the meaning of both God and human experience begins to manifest.
But old, primitive, or "natural" meanings of God are inadequate for Tillich, notably in can be seen in (systematic) critiques of philosophical phenomenology and of theocratic, prophetic religions. Of phenomenology, which is basically a philosophy of meaning and appropriately considered vis-a-vis the issue of God in the world, Tillich says that "it would have to establish an `essence' of religion that transcends all empirical religion and yet that possesses content. This essence either bears the features the features of one particular religion . . . or it constructs a new, ideal religion" (Tillich, 1969, p. 46). Essence-bearing religion is interpretative, just as phenomenology is. More important, if it is authoritative in its interpretation or prophecy, its religious "essence" is obliged to transcend historical content that belies th
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