INTERMITTENT INCARCERATION This research paper

Origins and Rationale for the Use of Intermittent Incarceration

Morris & Tonry (1990) define intermittent incarceration as "a method of allowing the offender to serve an incarcerative sentence without having to disrupt his employment and family ties as does a longer single period of jail or prison" (p. 218). They say it is employed "for incapacitative purposes and training for conformity" (p. 178).

Intermittent incarceration in the form of halfway houses used to transist paroled convicts on their way back to society dates back to the mid-19th century in the United States and Great Britain. However, Latessa & Travis (1992) say that until the 1970s, "for typical criminal offenders, . . . halfway home placements were rare" (p. 162). They, renamed as community correction residential centers, came into vogue as a result of the community corrections movements of the 1960s. The President's Commission on Crime and Administration of Justice (1967) provided impetus to the movement to provide alternatives to imprisonment by placing "increasing emphasis on the role of the community in corrections, and on the value of keeping offenders in the community, rather than in

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ug testing" (p. 137). In the other type of program, Pearson (1997) says that "an offender . . . spends from Friday night or Saturday morning to Sunday night or Monday morning locked up, but during the rest of the week he is a community resident" (p. 142). According to Lacayo (1987), the practice in Indiana is to send the offender to prison first and then to a halfway house during the last half of his sentence (p. 60). Some jurisdictions use both types of programs, others only one. Scandinavian countries, such as Denmark, Finland and Sweden, pioneered in the use of both (Umbrecht, 1990, June, p. 25). In England, halfway houses have been in use since the 1970s; however, only recently the Home Secretary in England and Parliament have had under consideration a proposal that weekend imprisonment be used for probationers who committed drunk driving and petty offenses against property and common assault (Hutchinson, 1996, August, p. 1). Special programs. Intermittent incarceration is used in connection with efforts to deal with special categories of offenders such as non-violent sex offenders (such as voyeurs), alcoholics, drug addicts and women offenders. They are kept in secure facilities and then released for treatment under con
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Approximate Word count = 3144
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)

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