The American criminal justice system
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The American criminal justice system is composed of three elements, the police, the courts and corrections, each of which serve a specific function. However, the purpose of this paper is to analyze a single component of that system by tracing the history of the policing of the American democratic society. Although modeled in part on the English system, American policing remains sui generis. Its uniqueness rests upon the ideals and concerns of the Founding Fathers of the United states in their desire to establish a system of government and policing without creating a centralized police power with exclusive control over the entire country (U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, Articles I, X). An examination of the history of policing in American reveals the evolution from the abecedarian ôwatch and wardö policing system during the seventeenth century to the complexity of modern-day policing process practices used in the United States. The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts in 1620. In essence, these first settlers mimicked the rudimentary policing and criminal justice system they had been exposed to in their native Britain. Initially, England had used a ômutual pledgeö system whereby private citizens would be paid a small sum in order to maintain peace and order within their specific provinces. The higher cost of retaining trained soldiers for internal policing was considered economically unsound by the monarchy since such soldiers were needed to guard
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crisis as workers refused to work and instead seized the yards so that the trains were unable to operate. The relevance of the ôgreat strikeö riots, which spread like wildfire throughout the states, as well as the ôdraft riotsö, was that they revealed that the local policing efforts were utterly incapable of handling the disruptive activities of the public. Instead, such riots required the combined efforts of the local and state police, as well as the intervention of militiamen and federal troops in order to be brought under control (Eldefonso, Coffey & Grace, 1982, p. 26). These economic riots and the ensuing mob violence and rebellions, which stemmed from the riots, led the American public to demand a better police force to protect their persons and property.
As a result of public demand, by the early 1900s almost every major city in America had its own unified police force. The U.S. Constitution, as well as the Bill of Rights, explicitly and implicitly put the burden of state and local policing on the individual states (U.S. Constitution Articles I and X). Thus, throughout the 1900s, each and every state in America ultimately created its own state and local police forces to control particular situations within its jurisd
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Approximate Word count = 1592
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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