ELECTIONS IN PANAMA
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This research paper examines the electoral process in Panama during the post-World War II period, with particular emphasis on the presidential election campaign of 1994, the first national election after the American military intervention in late 1989, and the two elections immediately preceding, in 1984 and 1989. Political democracy has yet to take firm root in Panama, which its sad electoral history illustrates. Prior to 1994, Panamanian elections have been marred by charges of fraud and corruption, and their results have often been annulled by military coups. The underlying problems have principally been an imbalanced and poor economy, the absence of a strong middle class and faction-ridden upper class-dominated political parties. Some view the results of the 1994 election as a rejection of the American intervention of 1989. In fact, both the orderliness of the electoral process and the results are encouraging for the future of Panamanian democracy, which still, however, rests on a very thin political and economic base. In the 1994 election, Panamanian voters demonstrated their support for free elections, largely voted sensibly on pocket book issues and abjured ultranationalism while at the same time rejecting the incompetent government of Guillermo Endara, whom the Americans installed in power. Failure of Democracy in Panama Following Independence From 1821, after Colombia won its war of independence from Spain, until 1903, Panama remained a de
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ald Reagan were "part of a concerted campaign to oust Noriega."
During the period leading up to the next elections for the presidency and the legislature which were held on May 7, 1989, the pressures on Noriega to resign mounted, but he stubbornly held onto power. After Noriega was indicted by two American grand juries on drug trafficking and money laundering charges in February, 1988, Delvalle dismissed him as head of FDP, but Noriega still had sufficient support in the National Guard and the National Assembly to defy Delvalle, who was forced to go into hiding. Panama began to descend into economic chaos after the United States imposed a freeze on Panamanian assets in the United States and a general strike organized by the Cruzada Civilista Nacional (a broad-based business-led coalition) brought the economy to a standstill in the spring of 1988. In March 1988, Noriega brutally suppressed a coup attempt against him by the local chief of police.
In October, 1988, the campaign for the 1989 elections began. A new pro-Noriega alliance (COLINA) selected PRD leader Carlos Duque as its presidential candidate. He was opposed by a revamped opposition alliance (ADOC), which nominated Guillermo Endara. During the campaign, Endara and tw
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Some common words found in the essay are:
War II, President Arias, Sra Moscoso, Europa Yearbook, Black Flores, National Assembly, Guillermo Ford, Hope God, Panama Canal, Endara American, national guard, national assembly, black flores, panama canal, de gruber, electoral fraud, arnulfo arias, elected president, presidential election, canal treaty, panama canal treaty, results 1994 election, de la espriella, support national guard, americans installed power,
Approximate Word count = 3655
Approximate Pages = 15 (250 words per page)
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