THE HUMAN BRAIN Introduction Studies of the h

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for studying the development in infants and children; EEG analysis allows precision in the localization of neural generators. EEG measures include: regional activity recorded during cognitive and affective processing; measures of coherence and phase derived from distinct brain regions; and event-related potentials related to linguistic and cognitive processes. As a result of research, current hypotheses regarding patterns for brain and behavior include that major developmental changes include the coordination of components of brain and behavior into higher-order control systems. Connections of elements of these systems grow strong as coordination develops and in turn influence the shape of growth functions (Dawson & Fischer, 1994).

Systematic changes during childhood include myelination, synaptic density, dendritic branching, brain mass, pruning of neurons and synapses, and brain electrical activity. At the same time, the child's actions, speech, problem solving concepts, social interactions, and emotions also change systematically. Studie

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activity are from different anatomical/physiological structures. Although evidence is inconsistent, many focus on the thalamic centers as a source for the generation of rhythmicities in the EEG. Patterns of EEG activity have reflected both cortical links and cortical-subcortical connections. Measures of coherence of the EEG at specific frequencies between electrode sites, reflects action of both long and short axonal connections. It is predicted that with development, coherence should decrease between sites topographically close; it should reflect greater differentiation within particular areas. Development should also be reflected by an increase in coherence between sites that are topographically distant (Dawson & Fischer, 1994). Studies have attempted to relate developmental EEG changes to changes in cognitive and affective development. Recordings of human EEG are associated with behavioral states such as state of awareness, and behavior. Longitudinal work with EEG in infants describes developments of EEG frequencies during the first year of life; little speculation on the meaning of these changes exists. It is clear however, that these changes in frequency are correlated with developmental/behavioral events. Changes
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