n, pectin, oat bran, or mixed fibers, on hypertension.
Theories relate hypertension to personality types, repressed hostility, introversion and anxiety, and tendencies for control and repression. Type A personality is proposed to consist of characteristics such as obsessive attempts to achieve poorly defined goals, love of competition, strong needs for recognition and advancement, persistent preoccupation with time and needs to get things done in a hurry, intense concentration and alertness, and high levels of hostility (Netter, 1987; O'Connor, Manson, O'Connor, & Burine, 1995).
Stress management is also found to be related to blood pressure effects. Acute stressful stimuli may result in elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, due to increases in circulation levels of catecholamines, cortisol, vasopressin, endorphins, and aldosterone, and a reduction in urinary sodium excretion. Major psychotic disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, are characterized by increased levels of cortisol secr
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