Models of Personality and Abnormal Behavior The purpose of this paper is to re

This discussion of normal and abnormal processes is followed by a section in which similarities and differences between the two models are delineated. The final section of the paper presents a commentary in which the strengths and weaknesses of each model are addressed.

Like most cognitive theorists, Ellis (1979, 1989) states that all human behavior is based on the way an individual perceives, anticipates, or evaluates events. In other words, how individuals judge their circumstances or situations (and not the actual circumstances/situations) is what most profoundly affects their emotional reactions and behavior.

How an individual interprets events, according to Ellis, is a function of his or her "schema," which is defined as an individual's underlying assumptions about life, the world, other people, oneself, etc. These assumptions are said to influence the person's experiences, values, and perceived capabilities. The person with a normal or healthy mentality has a schema that is esse

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althy personality is one whose childhood experiences left him or her relatively free of or unencumbered by societal restrictions. As a result, these people have developed a self-concept that is consistent with their self-actualizing tendency. Rogers stated that fully functioning people have been "allowed to grow" toward their potential. And the environment said to be most suitable for this growth is not conditional but unconditional positive regard. The Development of Psychopathology Psychopathology, according to Rogers (1951), arises from societal standards for self-worth, standards transmitted through "conditional positive regard." defined as others' provisional acceptance of an individual. This, in turn, causes the individual to see him- or herself as having worth only when others approve---a self-concept that is inconsistent or incongruent with the self-actualizing tendency. Thus, psychological problems are the result of this state of incongruence. The developing child who attempts to become what others wish is at odds with his/her own desires or potential and this conflict forms the basis of abnormal behavior. Similarities and Differences Both of the reviewed theories root psychopathology in the formative exper
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