X-RAY TECHNOLOGY Outline I. Introduction II.

VI. Computerized Line-Scan Radiography

Today millions of people undergo x-rays for a multitude of reasons to include heart/chest or bone, and dental exams. Protection committees and international regulation monitor x-ray usage, however the dangers involved in radiation exposure are reported and still exist. Variations in patient doses and image quality have been explored. Research considers the advantages of x-ray tube technology, computer radiology, computerized line-scan radiography, computed tomography, mammographic films, and digital radiography.

In 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, a German physicist discovered roentgen rays, the international unit of x- or y-radiation. It is the quantity of x- or y-radiation such that the associated corpuscular emission per 0.001293 gram of dry air produces in air ion

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of x-ray energy distribution on the two common x-ray modalities, radiography and fluoroscopy. They evaluated the potential of monoenergetic x-ray sources to improve image quality and reduce patient dose; this was compared to conventional tungsten anode x-ray spectra. As a computer simulation study, the Birch and Marshal spectal model was used to generate x-ray spectra. The Monte Carlo techniques were used to calculate patient x-ray transmission and a numerical method was used to determine antiscatter grid performance. The authors concluded that monoenergetic x-ray beams have an advantage over polyenergetic x-ray sources for imaging purposes. They found that improvement factors included: for tissue imaging, radio-graphic screen-film systems ranged from 1.4 to 1.6; for calcium imaging, ranges were from 1.5 to 2.0 ; for the screen-film detector, ranges were from 1.4 to 2.2; for the CsI detector commonly used in fluoroscopy and digital subtraction angiography, factors for an iodine target ranged from 1.4 to 2.0. Monoenergetic beams were superior to polyenergetic x-ray spectra for all imaging scenarios. Monoenergetic sources allow more flexibility in technique optimization due to narrow energy distributions. Improvement factor

Category: Science - X