BALFOUR DECLARATION
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This research paper analyzes the circumstances which led to the adoption by the British government in November 1917 of the Balfour Declaration and discusses its principal consequences, including the relationship between its adoption and implementation and the eventual establishment in 1948 of the State of Israel. The Balfour Declaration grew out of the attachment of certain British governing elites to the Zionist goal of establishing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine (which was sedulously cultivated by able Zionist leaders), British efforts to limit French influence in the Levant and the complex Middle Eastern diplomacy among the Allied Powers during World War I. By late 1917 the British government saw the establishment of a postwar British protectorate over Palestine as in its strategic interest. The establishment of a Jewish homeland there served various British domestic and foreign policy goals. The immediate consequences of the Balfour Declaration included a rallying of worldwide Jewish opinion behind the Allied cause, the legitimization within Britain of its rule over Palestine and recognition by the world community of its Palestinian Mandate. Its adoption led to the expansion through immigration of the Jewish population of Palestine, the flourishing of a Jewish based economy and the establishment of Jewish political and military power in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration directly conflicted with promises made by the British to their Ara
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d should be under exclusive British control. In February 1915 the British repelled an attempted Turkish invasion at Suez which underlined the strategic importance of Palestine. Meanwhile after returning from his negotiations with M. Picot and the Russians, Sykes met Weizmann and became entranced with the idea of finding a way to welsh on his bargain with the French and instead use the Zionists as his wedge. Stein said that in the spring of 1916 Sykes became "a convinced pro-Zionist" (270). Aaron Aaronsohn, a Palestinian Jew, organized an espionage ring inside Palestine known as the Nili which provided intelligence to the British Arab Bureau in Cairo and which subsequently proved of inestimable value to Sir Edmund Allenby's 1917 invasion of Palestine. Meanwhile Stein said by mid-1916 "there had been a quiet shift in the weight of Foreign Office opinion in the direction of those men who were inclined to view the Zionist case sympathetically" (333). Weizmann, Sokolow, Samuel and Lord Rothschild discussed over dinner at Lady Rothschild's home in November 1916 what Zionist strategy should be to persuade the British to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Its upshot was the first draft of what eventually became the Balfour Declaratio
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Approximate Word count = 3988
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)
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