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Conceptions of Science

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«LS2»The purpose of this research is to examine the proposition that science comprises "the stories we tell to convince ourselves that everything is all right in the world," from an anthropological perspective. The plan of the research will be to examine realist, relativist, and constructionalist views of science, as opposed to the view that science is factual and not fictional, with reference to theoretical material on both religion and science.

The realist view of science relies significantly on the view that science reflects objective facts of reality. That is, whatever is scientifically unknown can be revealed or more exactly uncovered by means of the scientific method. In this regard, Rimoldi (1992) praises the realism of anthropologist John Anderson by comparing his approach to the nature of universal and particular reality to that of fellow anthropologist Clifford Geertz. According to Rimoldi, Anderson is more Aristotelian in his approach to reality, viewing "a particular" instance of reality as fundamental rather than "«MDUL»the«MDNM» particular" as a more categorical and fundamental reality. That is, individual instances are particular; there is not a "realm" of reality that can be used to come to scientific conclusions.

On the other hand, the realist position is criticized as positivistic in the extreme. Longino questions the connection between the philosophy of science and the "hard" methods of physical and biological science inquiry, with a view toward questioning objectivity of scientific inquiry, mainly because the rational approach to science does not acknowledge the importance of knowing the cultural context in which hypotheses and rational investigation occur. Longino argues that science, even in its most "objective" form, is a cultural institution, structured by the social and political values of the culture in which it is practiced. Longino ...

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Conceptions of Science. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 22:22, March 28, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1708622.html