The act of temptation and Milton
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The act of temptation is used in various ways by Milton in two epic poems: ôParadise Lost,ö ôParadise Regained,ö and in the dramatic poem ôSamson Agostines.ö Milton uses temptation in an unfavorable sense, such as Satan enticing Eve to commit an evil act, Eve tempting Adam as an act of love and fear, Satan testing Jesus by subjecting him to various kinds of temptations, and SamsonÆs temptation based on his lust for revenge and women. All three poems under consideration have Biblical sources. In ôParadise Lost,ö the temptation is simple compared with ôParadise Regainedö and "Samson Agostines" that present a more complex aspect of temptation. SatanÆs successful temptation of Eve is based on his skill as a flatterer, and her vanity. He cleverly uses her vanity to entice her into what seems a higher state of being than humanity. He tells Eve that she and Adam can become as God, by becoming themselves gods of a kind. When Satan refers to the lower gods, he suggests that they have specific functions in the running of the universe, and suggests that Eve may attain some connection with the workings of the universe if she eats the fruit of the tree of knowledge. In so doing, however, she will break the only commandment given by God. Satan in the guise of a snake approaches Eve and refers to her as the ôEmpress of this fair Worldö (IX. 568). Over the course of his seduction of Eve, he calls her ôQueen of this Universeö (IX. 685). SatanÆs flattery tempts Eve into a sense of beli
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on if it is acceded to by faith in the intercession of Jesus. ôParadise Regainedö deals with JesusÆ intercession, and the many temptations Satan offers Jesus in an attempt to prevent his successful mediation. The temptations described by Milton are essentially the same as described in the bible, and represent the struggle between good and evil.
The first temptation encountered by Jesus is distrust of God. Jesus is led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by Satan, and for 40 days and nights, living with wild beasts, he eats nothing. At the end of the 40 days, he is hungry, and Satan tries to tempt Jesus into ôtestingö God by telling him, ôIf thou be the Son of God, Command/That out of these hard stones be made thee breadö (I. 342-343), thereby saving himself with food. But Jesus resists the temptation replying, ôThink thou such force in Bread? Is it not writtenàMan lives not by Bread only, but each Word/Proceeding from the mouth of Godö (I. 348-350).
The second temptation centers on hunger of the intellect, rather than hunger of the body. Satan tries to tempt Jesus with the kingdom of the world and all its glory. Again, Jesus resists temptation, leading Satan to the realization that the successful temptation of Jesus w
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