PUBLIC HEALTH IN AN ERA OF CHANGE ........ Pu

As a concept, public health represents a defined body of information that guides the organization and delivery of preventive care...Federal, state, and local governments are responsible for ensuring that an agreed upon set of services is provided in every community; in this it functions as an agency. (p.27)

How a state organizes its public health agencies can vary depending upon a variety of factors such as the state's public health history, the personalities of the state's organizers and administrators, the kinds, types and availability of federal grant programs, and so forth. However, as reported by Picket and Hanlon (1990), there are three basic service delivery models for public health agencies, one of which is the formation of a State Board of Health.

Typically, at the state level, the health board is appointed by the governor and approved by the state senate. Board members are non-salaried. Most state public health boards have policy and/or administrative functions and, very frequently, the authority to enforce public health laws through several processes. These processes include: (1) holding hearings on violations; (2) hearing appeals on health officer actions; and (3) issuing board orders for compliance with the law (Picket & Hanlon, 1990).

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vailable for preventive health and health promotion activities in fiscal year 1982. Once in place, Orthofer, Bain, Empereur and Nesbit report that the consortium provided a cost effective means to manage the Women, Infants, and Children Supplemental Feeding Program (WIC) and some elements of family planning programs in Region I. A third effort to meet the current challenges to the health care system has been privitization. This effort involves taking services away from public sectors or agencies and allowing private companies or corporations to handle the services on a for-profit basis. Raffell and Raffel (1994) report that while, in America as well as overseas, there already are several private corporations owning chains of hospitals and other health care service agencies (e.g. The Hospital Corporation of America and Humana, Inc.), there remains strong controversy regarding the move to privatize. According to the authors, for many, these concerns involve questions about the quality of care, the qualifications of doctors and nurses, the appropriateness of services, and the overall safety of the facility. Raffel and Raffel suggest that there is no data collected on privately operated/corporate hospitals that support these
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Approximate Word count = 9828
Approximate Pages = 39 (250 words per page)

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