The theory of Marxist Criticism
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The theory of Marxist criticism functions essentially as an adjunct to Karl MarxÆs greater theory of history. On this view, it has been the lot of humankind to devise various responses to the ômaterial conditions of life,ö these being the myriad gradations of economic existence that perpetuate need (Marx 161-2). The distinct implication of this idea is simply that human history is merely economic history, and that conscious life cannot precede social life: how human beings survive determines how they think, and as consequence of this, needs determine ideas (Berlin 117). This principle can of course be made relevant to philosophy as well as economics, and a look at Jean-Paul Sartre through the lens of the Marxist critic will perhaps be useful in understanding this concept. As it pertains to a literary and cultural analysis, the Marxist method of criticism will assume that the consciousness of ôa given class at a given historical momentö will also derive from the ômodes of material productionö (Henderson & Brown). In other words, human needs reflect a status quo; that these needs are unique to a g
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