. The learning experiences include both instrumental (direct) and associative (indirect). The fourth factor involves skills the individual has learned, such as problem solving skills (Zunker, 2002).
The PE (Person-Environment Interaction) theory emphasizes that work is ômore than step-by-step task-oriented procedures. Work includes human interaction and sources of satisfaction, dissatisfaction, rewards, stress, and many other psychological variablesö (Zunker, 2002, p. 30). It also makes three basic assumptions: 1) individuals have stable measurable traits, 2) occupations require specific groups of traits, and 3) it is possible to match individuals to jobs (Szymanski, Hershenson, Enright, & Ettinger, 1996). The Theory of Work Adjustment is a type of PE theory that was originally developed during the 1960s. TWA is similar to PE theory in that it also assumes that work is more following a set step of tasks. It more forthrightly declares that ôindividuals differ, environments differ, and each individual-env
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