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Mountain Goddess and Livelihood and Resistance: Anthropological Studies

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William S. Sax in his book Mountain Goddess (1991) and Gavin Smith in Livelihood and Resistance (1989) each offer an anthropological study of a people. Sax considers a group of Hindu villages in the Central Himalaya of North India, while Smith examines peasants living in Peru, a Peru beset by political dissension and resistance. The ethnographies are differently structured and reflect different methodological considerations, but each gives a strong portrait of the people targeted and demonstrates a different aspect of modern anthropological investigation.

Sax is an anthropologist now lecturing at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. He considers a specific ritual engaged in every few decades by the people of North India as they carry their regional goddess Nandadevi in a bridal palanquin to her husband Shiva's home in the Himalayan mountains. Sax goes on this journey with the goddess. He begins his journey with a library investigation in which he discovers a book long forgotten that tells about a ritual that took place in Rupkund, a mysterious lake in the Himalayas. The author decides that he has to see this place and travels there. He sees the lake and meets the Nandadevi people, and he has written this book, as he says, "in the hope that readers will come to understand the special power, beauty, and meaning of Nandadevi to the people who worship her, and the many ways in which her cult r

. . .
e functional relations in this community with the specific dimension of religious ritual and even more specifically with the act of the pilgrimage. The pilgrimage is a specific behavior that cuts deeply into the community in terms of mythological meaning, social observance, and political power. Sax attempts to show how the community observes this ritual and what it means to the people. In his book on Peru, Gavin Smith enters a world in which resistance has been a way of life for generations. This is a small village pitted against the modern state of Peru, and yet the people have made resistance and political action into a part of their daily lives to such an extent that they seem unable ever to do anything else. They act as they have been raised and as their parents acted. They have a political structure and sense that is far in advance of what might be expected in a subsistence economy. Smith says that his study addresses questions of how peasants make a living and how they engage in political resistance, but he does so by focusing on one group of people to make an argument he believes can be extended to a wider population. He uses for his analysis the settlement of Huasicancha, a village found in the central Peruvia
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
Smith Sax, North India, Lourdes France, Royal Pilgrimage, Himalaya Sax, Sax Smith, Gavin Smith, Peru Smith, Nandadevi Dynasties, Peruvian Sierras, political social, smith examines, daily lives, community institutions, communities region, religious ritual, social institutions, central themes, science search, earlier periods,
Approximate Word count = 2774
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)

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