Pakistan & Ready-to-war Apparel Industry

Ready-to-wear apparel has become a large industry in a number of developing countries. These countries are able to manufacture the apparel both for domestic consumption as well as for export. Recent years have seen particular advancement in the ready-to-wear apparel segments in Asia. This research focuses on this industry within Pakistan, with emphasis on how the industry has grown and what the near future holds for the industry.

The garment industry in Pakistan produces mainly cotton and cotton blended skirts, T-shirts, uniforms, shirts and blouses. Production is generally undertaken on a piecework system with one person responsible for an entire garment, except for the cutting. Some large-scale operations (of which there are few in the country) use an assembly system in which more than one individual is responsible for a single garment. The country's ready-made garment industry came into its own during the 1970s, and has taken an export stance since that time. However, domestic consumption has increased during the last 20 years, and domestic consumption of ready-made garments now accounts for 80 percent of total production, compared with only 68 percent in 1986 and 25 percent in 1982 ("Demand Forecast," 1990, p. 25). The Pakistani government, while encouraging growth of domestic consumption, continues to emphasize the importance of maintaining a strong export stance within the ready-made garment industry. Such a stance enhances t

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needs and curtails production until workers can come up to speed. Recently, the Knitwear and Sweaters Export Association began a training program for men and women working within the industry to teach basic techniques as well as advanced machine operation. However, such training courses are not generally available, and even this course can train only 30 individuals at a time in an industry that employs more than 100,000 (Hussain, 1990, p. 31). Another problem which confronts manufacturers is the attitude of the labor force. Most manufacturers find that their workers have a "careless" attitude toward the quality of the final product ("Problems of Readymade," 1990, p. 29). International Trade During 1987, Pakistan was the 26th largest exporter of garments in the world, with .7 percent of total global exports. During that same year, Hong Kong led world exports with 15 percent, followed by Italy (14 percent), Korea (10 percent) and West Germany (8 percent). The United States ranked fourteenth with 1.6 percent of the world market (Haidari, 1991, p. 28). The following chart illustrates the countries to which the majority of Pakistan's exports were sent (Haidari, 1991, p. 28): There is a large demand for ready-made garments thro

Category: Foreign - P