Aggressive Behavior

In Substance Use Patterns of Young Offenders and Violent Crime, Lennings, Copeland, and Howard (2003, p. 415) argue their purpose is to "validate the possibility that a connection exists between substance use or types of substances used and engaging in violent crime." The research hypothesis is that "illicit substance use is related to a history of violent crime" (Lennings, et al. 2003, p. 416). The sample population was a group of adolescent detainees who were provided with a survey over a one-month period in Queensland, Australia. The uses of screening measures were employed, including AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), which measures frequency, dose, and psychosocial harm related to alcohol use. After choosing the primary substance of use, the LDQ (Leeds Dependency Questionnaire) was provided on the specific substance chosen.

The independent variable used by the researchers was the admission of violence. Dependent variables were age, the AUDIT score, a 5-item depression scale developed by Tambs and Moun, and a general substance dependency score calculate from the LDQ (Lennings, et al. 2003). To measure the significance of each variable, the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used on two groups from the sample, those admitting to violent offense and those not. A score greater than 10 on the AUDIT indicates "significant risk of problem alcohol use" (Lennings et al. 2003, 416). The overall MANOVA was found to be signi

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was asked to nominate his primary substance of use and to complete the Leeds Dependency Questionnaire (LDQ) [Raistrick et al., 1994] on that substance. The LDQ is a brief (10 item) questionnaire assessing the psychosocial dimensions of the ICD-10 definition of substance abuse. To test the hypothesis that illicit substance use might be related to a history of violent crime, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed with the sample divided into two groups-those admitting to a violent offence and those not. Admission of violence was treated as the independent variable. Dependent variables were age, the AUDIT score, and a general substance dependency score derived from the LDQ and the 5 item depression scale developed by Tambs and Moun (1993) from the Symptom checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) (Derogatis, 1992). In the analysis the overall MANOVA is significant (Rao's R=3.39(4), po.05) and analysis of the univariate F's reveal that only the AUDIT score discriminated between the two groups; with those convicted of a violent offence reporting a higher mean AUDIT score than those that did not (F=9.65 (1, 84) po.01 violent offenders mean=21.00, non-violent offenders=15.36). It should be noted that for both groups the mean AU

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