Coastal Erosion

The cost of coastal erosion amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars annually, including coastal erosion management, repairs from natural phenomena, and dredging. Two of the main culprits in coastal erosion are manmade development of coastal regions and global warming, which causes sea-levels to rise further exacerbating coastal erosion. This analysis will discuss the magnitude of the problem of coastal erosion, its effects on the environment and human population, and the costs associated with it. ôGrains, seawalls, and breakwatersö have been used historically to prevent coastal erosion, but often created additional problems, (Charlier, Chaineux, and Morcos, p. 79). A conclusion will address a number of contemporary solutions aimed at undermining coastal erosion.

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are significant and expected to continue to rise. The FEMA study projects that within 60 years, annual costs to communities and individuals will exceed more than one trillion dollars: Affected Within 30 years 30-60 Years Owners $200 million $630 million Communities $160 million $510 million (Evaluation, p. 7) The above costs do not even considered hundreds of millions of dollars in lost tourism, lost jobs, and lost access to coastal regions due to coastal erosion. Further, FEMA studied a number of policy options related to offsetting coastal erosion and its costs. These nine options include assessing and mapping of areas most prone to coastal erosion, at a cost of $5 million annually, as well as raising flood insurance costs to property owners to twice what they are at present to represent the risk of erosion-related damage in such areas, (Evaluation, p. 3-4). Other policy options that were considered included the creation of a coastal high hazard zone, regulatory measures to reduce coastal erosion damage, relocation assistance or land acquisition, and shoreline protection measures like nourishment (sand replenishment), dune restoration, and structural measures like construction of bulkheads, (Evaluation, p. 4). Two t
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Kok Jorissen, Economics Environment, Chaineux Morcos, NOAA Federal, President Bush, Grants Program, Directives WFHD, California Texas, Control Project, coastal erosion, Kyoto Protocol, coastal regions, global warming, development coastal, coastal 16, coastal zone, erosion management, rapid development, coastal lands, responding coastal erosion, coastal development, shore protection projects, magnitude coastal erosion, texas coastal management, iii center science,
Approximate Word count = 2298
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)

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