Handbook for William

 
 
 
 
The early medieval French court was embroiled in intrigues of all sorts when Charles the Bald accepted Bernhard's son William as hostage to prove loyalty. Bernhard's wife Dhuoda was imprisoned during this time but was determined to write a manual for her son William. Few women could read or write during this era, but in her Handbook for William, Dhuoda (1999) attempts to provide William (and his younger brother) with a manual for right conduct and living, "àin anticipation of the day when I shall no longer be with you, you have here as a memento of me this little book of moral counsels" (69). Throughout the book there are three aspects of Dhuoda's life that are the main ones illustrated through her writings to William: her noble Christianity, her devotion as a mother, and her views as a wife.

Being older and wiser than her son and perhaps even her husband, one of Dhuoda's main themes in this book for William is her admonition and appeals to him to follow the way of Christ. Knowing full well the follies of her husband, the corrupt nature of many priests, and the intrigues of politics, she advises William to remain a strong, true believer in God and faith, "Never once let yourself fall into the folly, the outrageous affront of breaking faith. Never let such an idea of disloyalty against your lord arise or grow in your heart" (Dhuoda 1999, 95). The religious conviction expressed by Dhuoda throughout the manual is absolute. She admits


     
 
 
 
    

 

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