Bipolar Depression I

Individuals with bipolar disorder I often experiences periods of extreme elation, sleeping and eating less than normal, followed by a crash period that may involve depression. A manic episode is defined as a ôfull-blown expression of extreme symptoms involving abnormally heightened levels of thinking, behavior, and emotionality that cause impairment in social or occupational functioningö (Halgin et al. 2003, 270). Bipolar disorder I a

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e that it is more effective than lithium for treating both mania and depression. When lithium and/or valproate prove ineffective, the other anticonvulsant drugs are typically prescribed. One of the more commonly used of these other drugs is lamotrigine, a phenyltriazine derivative. According to Goldsmith, Wagstaff, Ibbotson and Perr (2004), ôthe mechanism of action of the drug in patients with bipolar disorder may be related to the inhibition of sodium and calcium channels in presynaptic neurons and subsequent stabilization of the neuronal membraneö, (63). Other drugs are also used in tandem with lithium or the anticonvulsants discussed above. Such drugs include the benzodiazepines like lorazepam (Ativan) and clonazepam (Lonopin), anti-anxiety and sedative drugs that help calm patients in an acute state of mania. Other drugs are less commonly used but are also prescribed for manic or depressed patients like risperidone (Risperdal). Recently the Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA reported that the FDA has ôapproved Risperdal as monotherapy for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder Iö, (FDA 2004, 14). Such drugs are novel in use but are more effective in providing a calming effect and un
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