The Immoralist
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Andre GideÆs philosophy and literary themes were influence to a degree by his digestion of the existential philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. In a review of Nietzsche: The Ethics of an Immoralist, Werner J. Dannhauser (1996) describes the best life according to Nietzsche, one that affirms the ethics of an immoralist, ôNietzsche teaches us that the highest life is the life of human creativity, and that human excellence can be understood and communicated objectively,ö (2). GideÆs The Immoralist depicts the story of a man who travels throughout Europe and North Africa on a much similar quest. An amoral hedonist, he is trying to escape the trappings of conventional morality by completely giving himself over to his appetites or desires, including his sexual predilections. Though based on an attempt to achieve the ôhighest lifeö, MichelÆs flight into the senses produces lethal consequences. The Immoralist follows Michel from his loveless obligation marriage to Marceline, mainly because he promised his father on his deathbed he would not remain alone. At first Michel is amazed to discover Marceline is an individual in her own right, mainly because of his lack of self-awareness which is also why he misses the homoerotic tendency in his growing eroticism for her. As he tells us of his promise to his father to marry, ôI thought of nothing those sad days, but making his last moments easier; and so I pledged my life without knowing what life could
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y, to maybe inadvertently caress a shoulder or touch an arm. The issue Michel suffers from is not the fact that he has homosexual desires but rather his lack of awareness of them. Because he has repressed all of his longings and desires, Michel lives an artificial life. When he discovers this he begins to have sudden outburst of spontaneous behavior, like leaping in lakes and catching eels with fiendish delight. As Guerard (1951) writes, ôThe vengeance of what has been suppressed touches every fiber of MichelÆs intellectual and moral life; determines his self-destructiveness and his anti-intellectualism alike. Restrained from sexual satisfaction and even from self-discovery by an unconscious force, Michel rebels in other waysö (104).
Michel, like NietzscheÆs idea of the highest ideal, discovers his authentic, sincere self while trying to achieve some kind of aesthetic that transcends conventional morality. He cannot relate to regular folks by the delights in the immoral acts of his young companions. His appreciation for immorality stems from the repression of his own self and desires due to adopting conventional morality and learning. He cannot reconcile this learning with his interior world, one where he longs for gratifi
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Approximate Word count = 1506
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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