Tolerance
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In For Love of Country?, Martha Nussbaum (2002) promotes the idea or concept of ôcosmopolitanismö, an outlook that focuses on viewing ourselves and others as basically ôworld citizens.ö Nussbaum argues that patriotism often promotes the devaluation of other people on the basis of nationality. Such ethnocentrism manifests a moral disregard of the welfare of other people, other cultures, and other countries. In Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex, Henry Louis Gates and other authors promote the idea that censorship of hate speech is a threat to free expression and should lost its First Amendment status as protected speech. Gates (1996) argues that anti-hate speech advocates are misguided by thinking that civil liberties need to be modified to achieve civil rights. As Rosen (1995) argues in his review of the book, ôThe thrust of the argument is that the apostates have been diverted from the common battle, and now waste both time and resources in trivial non-sensible efforts to constrict speech rights,ö (156). Both works are a response to the growing globalization and diversity of the worldÆs cultures, particularly the ongoing struggle between dominant classes and the marginalized. This is true both globally and nationally, but a conclusion will argue both works may be misguided in trying to make a case for some set of values or conduct that can be sustained on a ôglobalö or universal level.In For Love of Country?, Nussbaum (2002) offers a vari
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argues needs learned already exists. His biggest concern is not whether or not cosmopolitanism offers more advantages than patriotism but rather what kind of cosmopolitanism will succeed in being adopted on the international level. It may be a cosmopolitanism that is controlled by free trade and corporations or it may be one that is based on the principles of democracy and protecting human rights. However, Falk seems to miss the boat with respect to failing to admit that not all governments are able to provide rights and privileges for their people. The gap between haves and have-nots becomes even more pronounced and actually supports NussbaumÆs need for cosmopolitanism. As Weithman (2003) argues, ôWe should cultivate in our children sufficient love for national ideals that they feel shame and guilt at our failure to improve our inner cities, protect our forests and wetlands, or clean our air and water,ö (2).
In Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, Henry Louis Gates and a half dozen other authors offer essays focusing on codes on U.S. college campuses that ban and punish hate speech or the denigration of others based on race, gender, and/or sexual orientation. Each of the author
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Approximate Word count = 1466
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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