Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Ethics

One of BonhoefferÆs main contentions is that his resistance to Nazi authority exhibits much greater moral clarity than the actions of Germans who worshipped and obeyed the state without question. Bonhoeffer contends that LutherÆs doctrine of two kingdoms helps explain the blind obedience to the state exhibited by many Germans. For Luther argued that the state and its rules are required to help undermine manÆs capacity for evil. Luther encouraged believers to faithfully obey the state and its rules unless they were forced to deny their faith. As such, Bonhoeffe

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ces, Cone shares a number of black spirituals and other documents that help illustrate black theology understands being one with Christ is fighting for liberation of all, particularly the poor and downtrodden. The black experience has been such that the true nature of brotherhood emerges from the unity and necessity of finding a way out from under oppression that is not true in Christ: ôWe are black, and that fact alone ought to keep us open to each other, not for the purpose of conversion, but for shared participation in finding out the best means of struggle. This openness is the crux of our authentic recognition of each other as brothers and sistersö (Cone, 1997, p. 198). White theology all too often stems from self-interested ideology that fails to not only liberate but to reconcile. The innocent suffering of blacks is what led to the Divine revelation of Christ as liberator, not subjective interest. Black theology is able to see Christ in a transcendent manner that rises above the subjective interest of other theologies and understands liberation as the means to freedom and reconciliation. Because other, particularly white, theologies have distorted thought through ideology, Cone (1997) argues that blacks must look to
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