Various Sociology Theories
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Basing his general strain theory on previous strain theories but expanding them, Robert Agnew maintained that there are three varieties of strain theory. The first of these revolves around an individualĘs inability to achieve valued goals in a positive way, expressed by the difference between perceived aspirations and expectations and real world results. The second type of strain stems from the undermining or removal of positive achievements that have been formerly attained, often related to stressful or traumatic experiences. Agnew theorized that the third type of strain manifests itself from direct contact with negative or harmful influences, mainly those that we cannot control. Agnew focused on delinquency and criminality, but he does not assert these always arise from the stressors above. What he does maintain is that a tendency toward delinquency or criminality results from strain that happens in daily life. AgnewĘs theory demonstrates that delinquency is not a product of lower socio-economic status but also manifests itself in the middle- and upper-classes. Agnew developed two methods of measuring the strain in an individualĘs life. The first is a subjective approach that involves direct questioning of the individual, whereas the second approach is more objective and questions individuals about pre-determined sources of strain.While the debate over deterrence as an effective means of combating crime continues amon
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es also offer a chance to determine the difference between environment and heredity and criminal behavior. Crowe found that those adopted children with mothers with criminal records were more likely to display higher levels of crime than those children whose biological mothers did not have a criminal record. Mednick found that in adopted males, those whose biological fathers had a criminal record were more likely to exhibit such behavior in later life. However, many of these studies reveal inconclusive evidence and if any consensus is to be reached from them it is the fact that those who have a hereditary link to criminal behavior may be less capable of avoiding poor environmental circumstances than those who do not have a hereditary link to criminal behavior. Such studies offer promising insight and reveal some evidence of a genetic link to criminal behavior, but much more research needs conducted.
Question Four
There are three primary sources of crime statistics, though none of them is without weaknesses: 1) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), 2) National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS); and 3) Self-Report Data (SRD). The URC is a collection of data compiled by local law enforcement agencies that is sent to the Federal Bureau
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1395
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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