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Howard Gardner's Reframing Intelligence

The work under review herein is Howard GardnerÆs Reframing Intelligence: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. Initially published in 1999, the book is available on Amazon.com for $18 for the 2000 paperback edition, published by Basic Books (New York) and totaling 292 pages.

Howard Gardner is a cognitive and educational psychologist at Harvard University and is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences (Howard, 2006). An author of several books on intelligence, GardnerÆs theory of multiple intelligences is controversial. In this theory, Gardner argues that conventional tests and measures of intelligence ôdo not capture the full range of human intelligences,ö (Howard, 2006, p. 1). Gardner was born in 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was awarded the MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1981.

The origins of GardnerÆs multiple intelligences theory stem from the authors study of people from different walks of life in everyday occupations and experiences. From prodigies and stroke victims to autistic individuals, GardnerÆs study helped him formulate the theory that people tend to learn across a number of different intelligences that standardized tests and measures fail to recognize. In his 1983 book Frames of Mind, Garner counted seven such intelligences, including: 1) verbal-linguistic intelligence; 2) mathematical-logical intelligence; 3) musical intelligence; 4) visual-spatial intelligence; 5) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence; 6) interpersonal intelligence; and 7) intrapersonal intelligence (Tapping, 2004, p. 1-2).

Gardner theorized that all individuals possess multiple intelligences but through education and experience they are either nurtured and strengthened or ignored and weakened. With Reframing Intelligence, Gardner (2000) added two more intelligences: 1) naturalist intelligence; and 2) existential intelligence. Gardner theorized that individuals have different intelligence make-ups that include ...

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Howard Gardner's Reframing Intelligence. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 07:25, March 29, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1711246.html