Complexity of Stuttering Speech Disorder
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The speech disorder of stuttering is a complex phenomenon the causes of which are not entirely understood by researchers and the treatment of which remains problematic, especially in the adult patient. Because all aspects of language are related to each other, stuttering has effects beyond the most obvious ones of stumbling speech. Stuttering affects even those areas of language that would seem to be beyond its reach, including reading and especially oral reading skills. Because of its effects on oral reading, the condition of stuttering can be especially problematic for children who, as a rule, participate in oral reading more than adults do. In many school curricula, oral reading is an important pedagogical tool across the curriculum and so a childĘs inability to read aloud comfortably and with confidence affects his or her ability to do well in school in general extending even into subject areas like math and science that would seem at first to be entirely unrelated to stuttering and language skills.Thus stuttering in a school age child is a cause for some concern for parents, teachers and others involved in helping a child grow into her or his full potential. Clearly, any disorder that affects speech as completely as stuttering does will have an affect on a childĘs oral reading abilities, for oral reading is at base simply a type of speech. However, as Lee and Rubin (1979) note, oral reading is a particularly complex form of speech, requiring all the skills of silent rea
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hing stuttering from simple mistakes. The difference between stuttering and simple awkwardness or inexperience is a question of degree and frequency, not of any absolute or qualitative difference between stutterers and other speakers.
Researchers do not know precisely why some children stutter and others do not, and indeed studies have shown that in every cognitive aspect other than speech the stuttering child appears to be exactly like other children (Byrne, 1983, p. 7). However, researchers do know that certain factors may predispose children toward stuttering. Among these are a history of stammering in the family, a rather late acquisition of language or articulation skills and difficulties in coordinating the finer muscular movements required for speech (Byrne, 1983, p. 7).
Byrne (1983) also lists a number of factors that can incline a child toward stuttering, including a shock that unduly upsets a child, such as serious illness, separation from parents or beginning school. Perpetuating factors include an insistence on very high speech and/or general behavior standards, a particularly tense or anxious atmosphere at home or a very high level of criticism (p. 7). These factors as explanations for stuttering have fallen somewhat
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1683
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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