Leadership Style of Rudy Giuliani
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The charismatic and transformational leadership of New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, in handling the terrorist crisis in New York City on September 11 and the aftermath following, has generally been hailed by critics and observers alike. Nevertheless, no one leadership style can be applied to all situations and remain equally as effective in each. As reluctant as we may be to criticize the leadership style exhibited by Giuliani during such a sensitive situation, it is quite possible that an alternative leadership style may have been more effective in achieving organizational (i.e. New York City) goals. On September 11, 2001, Mayor GiulianiĘs leadership was transformational as opposed to transactional in nature. As Robbins (2003) maintains, a transformational leaders is one that ōinspires followers to transcend their own self-interests for the goal of the organization and who is capable of having a profound or extraordinary effect on his or her followersö (141). There is no denying this defines Mayor GiulianiĘs leadership style in handling September 11. However, a transactional leadership style, one whereby leaders steer followers to established goals through task and goal clarification may have been even more successful. There are a variety of theories of managerial leadership styles across the trait, behavior, and situational spectrum. However, the ideas of each basically encompass the following four styles of manager
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lling others what to do. Coercion, a major factor underlying the authoritative approach to leadership, is used in the political framework of leadership only as a final resort. According to Clark (2000), the political framework in an effective situation is one where the ōleader is an advocate, whose leadership style is coalition and building. In an ineffective leadership situation the leader is a hustler, whose leadership style is manipulation. Political leaders...build linkages to other stakeholders; use persuasion first, then use negotiation and coercion only if necessary,ö (8).
There are some overriding factors in the history of GiulianiĘs leadership prior to September 11, 2001, that make many suspect his leadership was one of hustler and manipulator on September 11, designed to reinforce his popularity among New Yorkers. Despite GiulianiĘs generally acclaimed leadership of September 11, 2001, his authoritarian, directive style of leadership responsible for transforming New York City had injured his relationship with many coalitions and his popularity rating was at it lowest in his tenure as Mayor. Law enforcement brutality had become a symbol of the Giuliani leadership style, and while crime dropped significantly his appr
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Approximate Word count = 2180
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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