Nuclear Deterrence
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The advent of nuclear weapons changed the approach to foreign policy and diplomatic relations for many countries. During the period known as the Cold War, the threat of mutually assured destruction helped prevent the outbreak of full-scale nuclear war. However, while nuclear weapons have prevented wars in which the mutual destruction of the combatants is assured, nuclear weapons have not prevented wars where nuclear weapons are not used. In fact, recent wars like the Iraq War were primarily undertaken because of the threat of nuclear weapons falling into enemy hands. As such, while nuclear weapons have influenced military and foreign policy and diplomatic relations among nations, they have seldom prevented wars from occurring that do not rely on them. In fact, over the past 34 years the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), enacted in 1970, has not been successful in putting and end to state development of nuclear weapons. During the Cold War era, tensions between east and west, conflict short of full-scale war, and a major superpower arms race characterized conditions among major nations with nuclear weapons. Until the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, tensions continued between the superpowers with respect to nuclear weapons, but the official stance among nations like the U.S. and former Soviet Union was one of peaceful coexistence. However, the Cold War tensions and events like the Cuban Missile Crisis prompted governm
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al agreement. When George Bush explained his justification for going to war against Iraq, he cited IraqÆs intention to build and deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) as his main reason for the war. In this sense, nuclear weapons prompted the outbreak of war rather than deterring it.
The challenges facing the NPT demonstrate that nuclear arms capability has not deterred war. Currently both North Korea and Iran are being monitored for nuclear weapons capability and buildup. The NPT was designed as a treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, and to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It is also designed to ôfurther the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament,ö (United p. 1). Included in NPT provisions is a safeguards system under the responsibility of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Safeguards are used to verify compliance with the Treaty through IAEA inspections. The NPT is reviewed every five years by its signatories (United p. 1). Despite such safeguards and attempts to promote nuclear disarmament, nations continue to attempt to gain nuclear weapons capability from Pakistan to North Korea.
In January, 2003, the go
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Approximate Word count = 1701
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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