Women & Divorce in Islam Culture

Any meaningful discussion of the status, history, or future of women in regard to the issue of divorce in Islam must include the background of the Islamic world view. In its most forceful articulation, Muslim Weltanschauung entails the subsumption of individual wants or needs by ideological-doctrinal Islam. Just as Marxist utopianism is projected as superior to and critical of prevailing conditions of human experience, wherein the supposed freedom of bourgeois liberal culture to be illusory, so Islam is held to be at once superior to and a critique of non-Islamic ideology or doctrine. Campbell cites Islam's claim to be the "ultimate formulation" (421) of Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian heritage in the Middle East. One aspect of this is Islam's presumed classlessness. Another aspect of it is Islam's claim to universality. But above all is the totality of ideology and experience articulated once for all time and immutably in the sharia, or divinely inspired law that has remained unchanged from the earliest period of Islam teaching to the present (Campbell 434-5).

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age, multiple wives). The earlier act, which had made divorce bilateral in Iran for the first time in Iran's history, was viewed as proof of the progressive nature of the Shah's regime (Saroukhani 19-22). According to Ramazani (411-15), the increase of marriage and divorce options available to women in Iran since the late 1980s is noteworthy because it has come about in the context of Islamic revolution. Ramazani argues that Islamic society does not require secularism to achieve reform and that the reforms dealing with women's status in marriage, divorce, and child custody are progressive and pragmatic--and to be contrasted with the hard line taken by Khomeini until his death in 1989. Such analysis overlooks the retrograde revolutionary laws that had overtaken Iran's 1967 Family Protection Act. Leaving aside the rest of the Shah's record, the divorce-initiation option for women, which took effect in 1968, was overturned by the revolution. Another and more decisive effect of the action overturning the secular divorce laws in Iran relegated women to invisibility in public life and more, denied them access to basic social rights (Kar 36-7) while also pushing them toward lives of household domesticity. Although the resulting shortage
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Approximate Word count = 3238
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)

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